I INFINITIVE MOOD.
2019 Note: The infinitive corresponds to the English to-infinitive
or gerund. It is essentially an action noun. Therefore when one wants to say
food, would use the infinituve ukudla which is also the word for “to eat”.
Positive Conjugation
|
Negative
Conjugation
|
Ukuthanda, to love.
|
Ukungathandi, not to love.
|
Ukudla,
to eat, eating.
|
Ukungadli,
to not eat.
|
Ukubona,
to see.
|
Ukungaboni,
to not see.
|
Ukungibona,
to see me.
|
Ukungangiboni,
to not see me.
|
Ukwenza,
to do.
|
Ukungenzi,
to not do.
|
Ukosa,
to roast.
|
Ukungosi,
to not roast.
|
II. IMPERATIVE MOOD.
The imperative is used to issue direct commands. It can occur either
alone or with an object prefix.
Thanda
(sing.), love thou
|
Yekela
ukuthanda, do not thou love
|
Thandani
(plural), love ye
|
Yekelani
ukuthanda, do not thou love
|
The plural form, with the suffix -ni, is used when addressing
multiple people.
The prefix yi- is used when the verb stem has only one syllable. A
shortened form y- is used when the stem begins with a vowel (regardless of
number of syllables). Exceptionally, the verb -za "to come" uses the
prefix wo- instead, thus woza, wozani etc. (Wikipedia)
Verb
|
Alone
|
With object
|
-dla
|
Yidla! Yidlani! "Eat!"
|
YĆdle! Yidleni! "Eat
it!" (class 4 or 9)
|
-enza
|
Yenza! Yenzani! "Do!"
|
Kwenze! Kwenzeni! "Do
it!" (class 15 or 17)
|
-siza
|
Siza! Sizani!
"Help!"
|
Ngisize! Ngisizeni! "Help
me!"
|
III. INDICATIVE MOOD.
1. Present Indefinite.
The present indefinite tense, also known as simple present tense,
denotes a stative or habitual or eternally true action.
Present
Indefinite
|
||||
1
Sing.
|
Ngi (Ndi)thanda
|
I love.
|
Ngingathandi
|
I do not love.
|
2
Sing.
|
Uthanda
|
You love.
|
Ungathandi
|
You do not love.
|
3
Sing.
|
U (wa)thanda
|
He loves.
|
Ungathandi
|
He does not love.
|
1
Plural
|
Sithanda
|
We love.
|
Singathandi
|
We do not love.
|
2
Plural
|
Nithanda
|
You love.
|
Ningathandi
|
You do not love.
|
3
Plural
|
Bathanda
|
They love.
|
Bangathandi
|
They do not love.
|
2 Present Progressive.
This is used to indicate something that is happening right now.
Present
Progressive.
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing
|
Ngiyathanda
|
I love.
|
Angithandi
|
I do not love.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Uyathanda
|
You love.
|
Akuthandi
|
You do not love.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
U(wa)yathanda
|
He loves.
|
Aka(awa)thandi
|
He does not love.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Siyathanda
|
We love.
|
Asithandi
|
We do not love.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Niyathanda
|
You love.
|
Anithandi
|
You do not love.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Bayathanda
|
They love.
|
Abathandi
|
They do not love.
|
3 Present Perfect.
This is used to indicate a completed action.
Present Perfect
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing
|
Ngithandile
|
I have loved.
|
Angithandanga
|
I did not or have
not loved.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Uthandile
|
You have loved.
|
Akuthandanga
|
You did not or have
not loved.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
U(wa)thandile
|
He has loved.
|
Aka(awa)thandanga
|
He did not or has
not loved.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Sithandile
|
We have loved.
|
Asithandanga
|
We did not or have
not loved.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Nithandile.
|
You have loved.
|
Anithandanga
|
You did not or have
not loved.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Bathandile
|
They have loved.
|
Abathandanga
|
They did not or have
not loved.
|
4 Past Indefinite.
Past Indefinite Tense represents an action occurred in the past or a
habit of the past and uses the past form of the verb.
Past Indefinite
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing
|
Ngathanda
|
I have loved.
|
Angithandanga
|
I did not or have
not loved
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Wathanda
|
You have loved.
|
Akuthandanga
|
You did not or have
not loved.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Wathanda
|
He has loved.
|
Aka(awa)thandanga
|
He did not or has
not loved.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Sathanda
|
We have loved.
|
Asithandanga
|
We did not or have
not loved.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Nathanda
|
You have loved.
|
Anithandanga
|
You did not or have
not loved.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Bathanda
|
They have loved.
|
Abathandanga
|
They did not or have
not loved.
|
5. Past Progressive.
This is used to present or convey ongoing past actions.
Past Progressive.
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Bengithanda
|
I was loving.
|
Bengingathandi
|
I was not loving.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Ubuthanda
|
You were loving
|
Ubungathandi
|
You were not loving.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Wabethanda
|
He was loving.
|
Wabengathandi
|
He was not loving.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Besithanda
|
We were loving.
|
Besingathandi
|
We were not loving.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Nibenithanda
|
You were loving
|
Nibengathandi
|
You were not loving.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Babethanda
|
They were loving.
|
Babengathandi
|
They were not
loving.
|
6. Past Perfect
Past Perfect Tense represents two works which were occurred in the
past; the second or later action follows Past Indefinite Tense. Past Perfect
Tense uses had and the past participle form of the verb
Past Perfect
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Bengithandile
|
I had loved.
|
Bengingathandanga
|
I had not loved.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Ubuthandile
|
You had loved.
|
Ubungathandanga
|
You had not loved.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Wa(u)bethandile
|
He had loved.
|
U(wa)bengathandanga
|
He had not loved.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Besithandile
|
We had loved.
|
Besingathandanga
|
We had not loved.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
nibenithandile
|
You had loved.
|
Nibengathandanga
|
You had not loved.
|
3 Pers.
Plur.
|
Babethandile
|
They had loved.
|
Babengathandanga
|
They had not loved.
|
This simply denotes an action one is going to do immediately.
Future (Immediate or emphatic)
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngizakuthanda
|
I will love.
|
Angizikuthanda
(Zulu, angizuthanda)
|
I will not love.
|
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngizothanda
|
I will love.
|
Angizikuthanda
(Zulu, angizuthanda)
|
I will not love.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Uzakuthanda
|
You will love.
|
Akuzikuthanda (Zulu,
awuzuthanda)
|
You will not love.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Uzothanda
|
You will love.
|
Akuzikuthanda (Zulu,
Awuzuthanda)
|
You will not love.
|
3
Pers. Sing
|
Wa(u)zakuthanda
|
He will love.
|
Akazikuthanda (Zulu,
akazuthanda)
|
He will not love.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Wa(u)zothanda
|
He will love.
|
Akazikuthanda (Zulu,
akazuthanda)
|
He will not love.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Sizakuthanda
|
We will love.
|
Asizikuthanda (Zulu,
asizuthanda)
|
We will not love.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Sizothanda
|
We will love.
|
Asizikuthanda (Zulu,
asizuthanda)
|
We will not love.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Nizakuthanda
|
You will love.
|
Anizikuthanda (Zulu,
anizuthanda)
|
You will not love.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Nizothanda
|
You will love.
|
Anizikuthanda
(anizuthanda)
|
You will not love.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Bazakuthanda
|
They will love.
|
Abazikuthanda (Zulu,
abazuthanda)
|
They will not love.
|
3 Pers.
Plur.
|
Bazothanda
|
They will love.
|
Abazikuthanda (Zulu,
abazuthanda)
|
They will not love.
|
It is used to express an action which has not occurred/happened yet
and will occur/happen after sometime in future.
Future Indefinite
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngiyakuthanda
|
I will love.
|
Angiyikuthanda
|
I will not love.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Uyakuthanda
|
You will love.
|
Akuyikuthanda
|
You will not love.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Wayakuthanda
|
He will love.
|
Akayikuthanda
|
He will not love.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Siyakuthanda
|
We will love.
|
Asiyikuthanda
|
We will not love.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Niyakuthanda
|
You will love.
|
Aniyikuthanda
|
You will not love.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Bayakuthanda
|
They will love.
|
Abayikuthanda
|
They will not love.
|
9. Future Progressive.
This indicates continuing action, something that will be happening,
going on, at some point in the future. This tense is formed with the modal
"will" plus "be," plus the present participle of the verb
(with an -ing ending): "I will be running in next year's Boston Marathon.
Future Progressive
|
||||
1
Sing.
|
Ngiyakuba ngithanda
|
I shall be loving.
|
Angiyikuba ngithanda
|
I will not be loving.
|
2
Sing.
|
Uyakuba uthanda
|
Thou shall be loving.
|
Akuyikuba uthanda
|
Thou will not be
loving.
|
3
Sing.
|
Wayakuba ethanda
|
He shall be loving.
|
Akayikuba ethanda
|
He will not be
loving.
|
1
Plur.
|
Siyakuba sithanda
|
We shall be loving.
|
Asiyikuba sithanda
|
We will not be
loving.
|
2
Plur.
|
Niyakuba nithanda
|
You shall be loving.
|
Aniyikuba, nithanda
|
You will not be
loving.
|
3
Plur.
|
Bayakuba bethanda
|
They shall be loving.
|
Abayikuba bethanda
|
They will not be
loving.
|
10 Future Perfect.
The form of the verb that is used to show that an action will have
been performed by a particular time. In English it is formed by "will
have" or "shall have" and a past participle: In the sentence
"By that time I will have finished" the verb phrase "will have
finished" is in the future perfect.
Future Perfect
|
||||
1
Sing.
|
Ngiyakuba ngithandile
|
I shall have loved.
|
Angiyikuba
ngithandile
|
I will not have loved.
|
2
Sing.
|
Uyakuba uthandile
|
Thou shall have
loved.
|
Akuyikuba uthandile
|
Thou will not have
loved.
|
3
Sing.
|
Wayakuba ethandile
|
He shall have loved.
|
Akayikuba ethandile
|
He will not have
loved.
|
1
Plur.
|
Siyakuba sithandile
|
We shall have loved.
|
Asiyikuba sithandile
|
We will not have
loved.
|
2
Plur.
|
Niyakuba nithandile
|
You shall have loved.
|
Aniyikuba nithandile
|
You will not have loved.
|
3
Plur.
|
Bayakuba bathandile
|
They shall have
loved.
|
Abayikuba
bethandile.
|
They will not have
loved.
|
IV POTENTIAL MOOD.
Potential mood. That form of the verb which is used to express
possibility, liberty, power, will, obligation, or necessity, by the use of may,
can, must, might, could, would, or should; as, I may go; he can write.
1. Present Indefinite.
1. Present Indefinite
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngingathanda
|
I may love.
|
Ngangingathandi
|
I may not love.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Ungathanda
|
Thou may love.
|
Ngawungathandi
|
Thou may not love.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Wangathanda
|
He may love.
|
Ngawangathandi
|
He may not love.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Singathanda
|
We may love.
|
Ngasingathandi
|
We may not love.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Ningathanda
|
You may love.
|
Nganingathandi
|
You may not love.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Bangathanda
|
They may love.
|
Ngabangathandi
|
They may not love.
|
2. Present Indefinite (another)
Present Indefinite (another)
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngengithanda
|
I should, &c.,
love.
|
Ngangingathandi
|
I should, &c.,
not love.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngewuthanda
|
Thou should,
&c., love
|
Ngawungathandi
|
Thou should,
&c., not love.
|
3 Pers.
Sing.
|
Ngewathanda
|
He should, &c.,
love
|
Ngawangathandi
|
He should, &c.,
not love
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngesithanda
|
We should, &c.,
love.
|
Ngasingathandi
|
We should, &c.,
not love.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngenithanda
|
Ye should, &c.,
love
|
Nganingathandi
|
Ye should, &c.,
not love.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngebathanda
|
They should,
&c., love.
|
Ngabangathandi
|
They should,
&c., not love.
|
3 Present Perfect.
Present Perfect
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngengithandile
|
I should, &c.,
have loved.
|
Ngangingathandanga
|
I should not have
loved.
|
2 Pers.
Sing.
|
Ngewuthandile
|
Thou should,
&c., have loved.
|
Ngawungathandanga
|
Thou should,
&c., not have loved.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngewathandile
|
He should, &c.,
have loved.
|
Ngawangathandanga
|
He should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngesithandile
|
We should, &c.,
have loved.
|
Ngasingathandanga
|
We should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngenithandile
|
Ye should, &c.,
have loved.
|
Nganingathandanga
|
Ye should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngebathandile
|
They should, &c.,
have loved.
|
Ngabangathandanga
|
They should,
&c., not have loved.
|
4. Past Indefinite
Past Indefinite.
|
||||
1
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngengathanda
|
I should, &c.,
have loved
|
Ngangingathandanga
|
I should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
2
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngewathanda
|
Thou should,
&c., have loved
|
Ngawungathandanga
|
Thou should,
&c., not have loved.
|
3
Pers. Sing.
|
Ngewathanda
|
He should, &c.,
have loved
|
Ngawangathandanga
|
He should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
1
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngesathanda
|
We should, &c.,
have loved.
|
Ngasingathandanga
|
We should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
2
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngenithanda
|
Ye should, etc.,
have loved.
|
Nganingathandanga
|
Ye should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
3
Pers. Plur.
|
Ngebathanda
|
They should, etc,
have loved.
|
Ngabangathandanga
|
They should, &c.,
not have loved.
|
A more strictly potential mood commonly use, is formed from the
verb, ukuyazi, to know, and another verb. Example: Ngiyazi ukulemba (ukubhala),
I know to write, i.e., I can write. Or,
where physical power is indicated the verb ukuba, to be, and the conjunction
"with" and amandla, strength is used. Example. Nginamandla ukuhamba,
I have power to walk. i.e., I can walk.
Click here for Chapter 14: Ngoni Greetings
Click here for Chapter 14: Ngoni Greetings
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